American Dream Lost essays

American Dream Lost essays Gatsby as a Social Commentary on American Life The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, has been celebrated as one of the greatest, if not the greatest American novel. Yet this is ironic for the society which has so hailed the book is precisely that which is criticized throughout it. Politically, the American dream was a foundation of ideals and hopes for any and every American individual. Specifically, one of the ideals was an American dream free of class distinction; that every person has the opportunity to be whomever they hope to be. In a sort of Cinderella-like fashion, it is in essence an ideal of social mobility and freedom. The social reality, however, is far more cruel. Because of the harsh truth of social America, by way of its pretentiousness and decadence, the American dream is lost. Through Nicks honest and poignant observation, the parallel lives of Myrtle Wilson and Jay Gatsby reflect The Great Gatsby as a social commentary about the polluted American Dream. Myrtle is that infamous model of how the political and social ideals of America conflict so that the American dream becomes a nightmare. Contrary to the naivete the American dream, there are indeed fine class distinctions. With them comes certain social boundaries. In a sense, it is almost as if there are unspoken sumptuary laws understood by low and high classed individuals alike. Myrtle Wilson is no exception. Instead of abiding by them, Myrtle, who represents the low and ignorant class of America, tried to break the social barriers and thus pursues wealth by any means necessary. Using her sexuality and vulgar mien, she becomes false for abandoning and dismissing her own social foundation, and like Nick, we as readers are repulsed by her grotesque approach to entering the rich class. At one point, and quite humorously to the knowing onlooker, Myrtle complains about a service done for her that was so expensive that "w ...

Words Ending in -gue

Words Ending in -gue Words Ending in -gue Words Ending in -gue By Maeve Maddox An email in which the word colleague was spelled colleag got me thinking about English words that end with a hard g sound spelled -gue. Since only a few such words are in common use, learning to spell them shouldnt be too difficult. WARNING: These words start to look strange when you look at them in a group. Twenty-six common English words end with the spelling -gue. Variant spellings drop the -ue. The following -gue words have no acceptable variant spellings, not even in Merriam-Webster: brogue colleague fatigue fugue harangue ideologue intrigue league meringue morgue plague rogue tongue vague vogue For each of the following -gue words, Merriam-Webster recognizes variant spellings without the -ue: analogue catalogue travelogue decalogue demagogue epilogue monologue †¨ pedagogue †¨ prologue The OED, on the other hand, does not dignify decalog, demagog, travelog, epilog, or monolog with entries. It acknowledges the existence of pedagog, catalog, and synagog. Pedagog and catalog are listed among obsolete spellings. Travelogue has an entry at which it is identified as originally U.S, but no variant spelling is given. Synagog is shown at synagogue and labelled U.S. The OED does have an entry for prolog, but it has nothing to do with the word prologue: prolog: (The name of) a high-level logic programming language derived from Lisp, originally designed for natural language processing but now used in many artificial intelligence programs. I can write analog, catalog, and travelog without a shudder. I cannot bring myself to write epilog, decalog, or synagog. †¨ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsThe Parts of a WordWhen to use "an"

Organization and management 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organization and management 1 - Essay Example often the goal of management to promote team-based philosophies and secure a management consensus on how best to develop a plan of action to meet long-term objectives. In many instances, this is the nature of conflict in the organisation, as differing perspectives based on personal belief systems creates a situation in which subordinates and managers alike are unable to reach this consensus about which steps to take to enhance productivity. Further, conflict can arise in the organisation based on authority, where subordinate members of the business are directed by an authoritarian manager who wishes to control individual job functions (Klein, 2002). In such a situation, the subordinate employee, who is often referred to by various professionals as an individual wishing for fair treatment and a certain level of autonomy, is under-utilised as a team member and prone to more rigid managerial styles (Ankilhar, 2001). What this creates is an employee who is dissatisfied with being treated as a mere subordinate by rigidly-controlled management, thus they are less apt Conflict can be somewhat avoided in the organisation, however it is important that leadership teams are well-versed in theories associated with human psychology. For instance, in the situation where conflict has arisen between members of the management staff, especially regarding reaching a consensus about an appropriate course of action for the company to meet its long-term goals, avoiding conflict involves promoting a team-working concept in which all members of the team are allowed to publicly speak their grievances. This creates a situation in which mutual respect is perceived as a primary goal of management. When conflict arises, avoidance can be proactive in nature, meaning that a manager who is competent in communication and human psychology can start with basic subordinate respect by using positive reinforcement when the job tasks are completed successfully. This creates, theoretically, an

Tuberculosis Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8750 words

Tuberculosis - Dissertation Example TB is thus more fatal among children and interferon (IFN)-?-deficient individuals, who still lack granulomatous response (Mustafa et al 449). These are seen in Chest X-ray as lung lesions, and patients also experience muscle wasting (Verreck et al. 8). Pathological characteristics TB patients also have increased C-reactive protein (CRP), while decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were also observed (Verreck et al. 8). IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-?, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?, and interferon (IFN)-? play various roles in the formation of tuberculous granulomas of TB patients. TNF-? is associated with activation of macrophages. This cytokine, together with IFN-?, enhances the bactericidal activity of monocytes and macrophages, recruitment of these immune cells, and subsequent formation of granulomas (Mustafa et al. 450). IFN-? is produced in response to IL-12 secretion, which is initiated by toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 activation.O n the other hand, Il-10 and TGF-? antagonizes the action of TNF-? and IFN-? respectively, reducing the anti-mycobacterial immune response and allowing the growth of the pathogen within the host cells. In particular, IL-10 induces the macrophages to release soluble TNF-ÃŽ ± receptor type 2 (TNFR2), which couples with the cytokine to form an inactive TNF-ÃŽ ±-TNFR2 complex. In this regard, a balance among these four is necessary in the optimal immune response against M. tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis is communicated through aerosols and inhaled bacilli. Upon phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages patrolling the lungs, the bacteria replicate within the host cell. Its survival lies in its ability to block phagosome maturation. Because of the intracellular nature of infection, drugs developed against TB should be able to reach within cells (Feltcher, Sullivan and Braunstein 1582). After which, granuloma forms through the migration of macrophages, lymphocytes and dendritic cells at the infection site. Among these cells, macrophages differentiate into epithelioid cells (EC), or fuse to form multinucleated giant cells (MGC), which is also known as Langhans giant cells. ECs have better mycobactericidal functions, as seen in their lesser antigen load. On the other hand, the TGF-?- and FasL-expressing MGCs contain more bacterial antigens, and thus allow bacterial growth. In addition, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with heightened expression of FasL induce apoptosis in T lym phocytes during antigen presentation. Interestingly, ECs that contain mycobacterial antigens may resist apoptosis, and fuse to form MGCs. In contrast, ECs without mycobacteria undergo apoptosis. These findings show that M. tuberculosis cause inhibition of host cell apoptosis, and the MGCs cause death of antigen-specific T cells. By resisting apoptosis, viral antigens are not presented to immune cells, thus inhibiting recruitment and allowing persistence of the lesion. Persistence of TB infection also partly results from the immune suppression caused by FasL-expressing MGCs (Mustafa et al. 450-454). Thus, despite presenting no clinical symptoms, M. tuberculosis are present in granulomas, and can later reactivate and cause disease (Feltcher, Sullivan and Braunstein 1582). Diagnosis The gold standard in diagnosing TB remains to be clinical examination, acid-fast bacilli staining of sputum and bacterial culture. Culture of M. tuberculosis

Enzymes Essay example -- essays research papers

The structure of the enzyme is mainly dependent on the active site and variable groups. Extreme temperatures or extreme pHs can alter the structure of an enzyme. Enzymes function to lower the activation energy to break the bonds. They achieve this by putting stress and pressure on the bonds or creating a microenvironment for the substrate. Enzymes are regulated by inhibitors or activators and can be inhibited by the products of the reaction, called feedback inhibition. Enzymes are catalytic proteins; therefore they change the rate of a reaction without being consumed. This means that once and enzyme does its job it can still perform the same function as it did before. Organic catalysts change the rate of a reaction without being permanently changed. Enzymes are polypeptides that are made up of amino acids. Enzyme variable groups that are exposed are the places in which biological processes take place. These side chains, commonly called "R groups," make up the active site and catalyze the conversion of the substrate to make a product. These side chains are often called variable groups because they are often what determines the kind of enzyme it is, therefore determining what substrates it will bond with. A change in temperature or a fluctuation in pH can alter the enzyme’s structure. Anent temperature the alteration of the enzymes occurs when the temperature is very high and the enzyme denatures and is unable to perform the desired task. The temperature is so high that the active site of the enzyme changes and it is unable to bond with substrates. The pH at which different enzymes denature differs from enzyme to enzyme. Similar to too high a temperature, if a specific enzyme is at a pH at which the active site changes, the enzyme is unable to function. This illustrates how the structure of an enzyme is vital to its proper functioning. Allosteric enzymes differ in structure than the previous enzymes addressed. The extreme temperature and pH rules, however, still apply. Most allosteric enzymes are composed of two or more sub units, each having its own active site. The allosteric enzymes are constantly changing between two conformational states, active and inactive states anent functioning. This oscillation helps in the regulation of the enzymes. Enzymes function as organic catalysts, meaning that they are organic molecules (proteins) that change ... ...r to the allosteric site while the enzyme is in the inactive form will impede the ability of the enzyme to function. Cooperativity is when a substrate binds to the active site of an allosteric enzyme thus leaving the enzyme in active form and aiding in the binding of other enzymes to the other active sites of the enzymes. Feedback inhibition occurs when a metabolic pathway is turned off by the end product of the reaction. For example, the end product of a specific reaction may be an allosteric inhibitor to the specific enzyme that makes the product; this prevents the enzyme to make more products when they are not needed. As the product accumulates the product slows down the synthesis or products. In conclusion, the structure of the enzyme is mainly dependent on the active site and variable groups. Extreme temperatures or extreme pHs can alter the structure of an enzyme. Enzymes function to lower the activation energy to break the bonds. They achieve this by putting stress and pressure on the bonds or creating a microenvironment for the substrate. Enzymes are regulated by inhibitors or activators and can be inhibited by the products of the reaction, called feedback inhibition. Enzymes Essay example -- essays research papers The structure of the enzyme is mainly dependent on the active site and variable groups. Extreme temperatures or extreme pHs can alter the structure of an enzyme. Enzymes function to lower the activation energy to break the bonds. They achieve this by putting stress and pressure on the bonds or creating a microenvironment for the substrate. Enzymes are regulated by inhibitors or activators and can be inhibited by the products of the reaction, called feedback inhibition. Enzymes are catalytic proteins; therefore they change the rate of a reaction without being consumed. This means that once and enzyme does its job it can still perform the same function as it did before. Organic catalysts change the rate of a reaction without being permanently changed. Enzymes are polypeptides that are made up of amino acids. Enzyme variable groups that are exposed are the places in which biological processes take place. These side chains, commonly called "R groups," make up the active site and catalyze the conversion of the substrate to make a product. These side chains are often called variable groups because they are often what determines the kind of enzyme it is, therefore determining what substrates it will bond with. A change in temperature or a fluctuation in pH can alter the enzyme’s structure. Anent temperature the alteration of the enzymes occurs when the temperature is very high and the enzyme denatures and is unable to perform the desired task. The temperature is so high that the active site of the enzyme changes and it is unable to bond with substrates. The pH at which different enzymes denature differs from enzyme to enzyme. Similar to too high a temperature, if a specific enzyme is at a pH at which the active site changes, the enzyme is unable to function. This illustrates how the structure of an enzyme is vital to its proper functioning. Allosteric enzymes differ in structure than the previous enzymes addressed. The extreme temperature and pH rules, however, still apply. Most allosteric enzymes are composed of two or more sub units, each having its own active site. The allosteric enzymes are constantly changing between two conformational states, active and inactive states anent functioning. This oscillation helps in the regulation of the enzymes. Enzymes function as organic catalysts, meaning that they are organic molecules (proteins) that change ... ...r to the allosteric site while the enzyme is in the inactive form will impede the ability of the enzyme to function. Cooperativity is when a substrate binds to the active site of an allosteric enzyme thus leaving the enzyme in active form and aiding in the binding of other enzymes to the other active sites of the enzymes. Feedback inhibition occurs when a metabolic pathway is turned off by the end product of the reaction. For example, the end product of a specific reaction may be an allosteric inhibitor to the specific enzyme that makes the product; this prevents the enzyme to make more products when they are not needed. As the product accumulates the product slows down the synthesis or products. In conclusion, the structure of the enzyme is mainly dependent on the active site and variable groups. Extreme temperatures or extreme pHs can alter the structure of an enzyme. Enzymes function to lower the activation energy to break the bonds. They achieve this by putting stress and pressure on the bonds or creating a microenvironment for the substrate. Enzymes are regulated by inhibitors or activators and can be inhibited by the products of the reaction, called feedback inhibition.

Primate Intelligence versus Human Intelligence Essay

Monkeys are noted to be the closest depiction of the creation of humans. Undeniably, the existence and the life- activities of the said creatures are closely related to that of the human activities as well. Through studies including both scientific and psychological studies, the said creatures portray the closest relation to the human life and behavior. How they think and how they do things had been noted to be a direct depiction of how humans react to life and are thus affected by the different events that are connected with the said existence. This issue on the relationship of monkey-behaviors with that of the humans had been subjected to several questions and assumptions that relate the situation as to how their intelligence relate to that of the human intelligence. The intelligence of monkeys is noted through studies as ‘Primate’; meaning, monkeys follow an instinct that dictates to them what should be done. As for example, when they are in need of food, they notice this because of feeling hungry thus they are motivated to do something about it. As their food is found simply around their environment, they begin to forge. However, more than simply being dictated by the situation through instinct, primate intelligence shows how a situation is dealt with by an individual creature through immediate solution to arising problems that needs to be given attention at once. Through the utilization of primate intelligence, an individual is able to account something that is needed to solve an abrupt situation that he is facing. Upon studies, it has been shown how chimpanzees in particular react to several occurrences in their environment in an immediate response. The idea is that they are able to fix the problems easily through deciding abruptly during the actual situation. Through this, the social and the personal behavior of the said creatures are then outlined to respond immediately to several situations that they may face. Humans too are faced with these particular dilemmas in life. Just the same, they are bale to come up with the necessary decisions that they need to posses to be able to solve the situations or problems that they are particularly dealing with. Undoubtedly though, the decision making procedures of humans are naturally more complex than that of the chimpanzees or the monkeys as a whole. The idea is that when a human decides, he carries on several considerations that are involved in the issue. Most likely, the situation becomes much harder to deal with, but the results are more effective and beneficial for the issue that is being solved. True, both humans and other creatures were given the ability to think and decide from themselves. However, the reason why humans were separated from all the others is that they have the capability to reason out with their own thinking. Unlike other creatures, although they do have the capability to decide more than just being dictated, humans are able to set the different pros and cons of the decision before they are able to actually release the decision for further application. Constant understanding of the major elements of intelligence shall show that humans are of different understanding compared to that of the other creatures. Most likely this is primarily because of the fact that humans have the capability to logically identify their decisions and the reasoning that comes along with it. References: Marc D. Hauser. (1998). Games Primates Play. Research Library.

A Peek at What Astronomers are Finding